Which type of information is NOT typically provided through downward communication?

Downward communication in organizations typically involves the transmission of information from higher levels of management to lower levels, and it is often characterized by directives and information necessary for task execution. This includes job instructions, which provide clarity on specific tasks; organizational procedures, which outline the rules and regulations guiding operations; and indoctrination of goals, which helps to align employees with the overarching objectives of the organization.

Empowerment, on the other hand, generally focuses on providing employees with the autonomy, resources, and authority necessary to make decisions. It encourages upward communication and fosters a more participatory approach to management. While empowerment can be supported by downward communication, it is not its primary focus. Thus, empowerment is typically more associated with upward communication and participatory management practices, rather than the direct transmission of instructions or procedures from leaders to subordinates.