What refers to the economic transformation from an agricultural to an industrial economy?

The term that specifically refers to the economic transformation from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy is commonly known as industrialization. This process involves shifting the primary economic activities from farming and agriculture to manufacturing and industry, resulting in significant changes in production methods, labor force dynamics, and overall economic structure.

Rural industrialization, while related, focuses specifically on the development of industrial activities in rural or agricultural areas. It refers to efforts to bring industrial jobs and growth to regions traditionally dominated by agriculture. Although it addresses the economic transformation, it is a subset of the broader concept of industrialization.

Commercialization involves the process of expanding agricultural production for sale rather than for personal consumption. It represents a change in how agricultural products are produced and marketed but does not inherently indicate a shift to an industrial economy.

In this context, industrialization is the most accurate term to describe the overarching transformation from an agricultural economy to one characterized by industry and manufacturing, thus making it the most appropriate choice.